Fair Use
Issues for Higher Education
This section includes resources focusing on fair use in the classroom, the library, and e-reserves.
Articles About Cases
This section features articles on recent, important cases impacting fair use.
Commentary and Analysis: Is Fair Use Shrinking?
This section focuses on the spirited debate surrounding this topic.
Conference on Fair Use (CONFU) Guidelines
This section provides links to recommendations for fair use in educational materials of books and periodicals, music, interlibrary loan, digital images, distance learning, and educational multimedia. It also includes articles about the guidelines.
CIP Site Suggestions
A note about Web sites and print and subscription resources: For Web sites, please report any broken links to cip@umuc.edu. For print and subscription resources, please contact your librarian for retrieval.
Issues for Higher Education
Web Resources | Print and Subscription Resources
Web Resources
U.S. Copyright Office – Fair Use
U.S. Copyright Office Circular 21: Reproduction of Copyrighted works by Educators and Librarians
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Media Literacy Education by the Center for Social Media at American University, The Media Education Lab at Temple University, and The Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property, Washington College of Law, American University. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Online Video by the Center for Social Media and The Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property, Washington College of Law, both at American University. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
Copyright Advisory Network. American Library Association, Office of Information Technology Policy (n.d.) Retrieved July 18, 2008, from http://librarycopyright.net/.
Fair Use in Copyright (BitLaw)
Fair Use in the Electronic Age
Copyright and Fair Use in the Classroom, on the Internet, and the World Wide Web, UMUC
Fair Use of Copyrighted Materials from the Copyright Crash Course
Fair Use Evaluator by Michael Brewer & ALA Office for Information Technology Policy. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://librarycopyright.net/fairuse/
Checklist for Fair Use from the Copyright Advisory Office, Columbia University Libraries/Information Services. Retrieved August 18, 2009, form http://copyright.columbia.edu/fair-use-checklist.
Silberberg, C. M. (2001). Preserving educational fair use in the twenty-first century. Southern California Law Review, (74)2, 617. Retrieved April 19, 2006. from http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~usclrev/pdf/074207.pdf
Stanford University Libraries: Copyright and Fair Use. Overview; Fairly Used Blog; Charts and Tools; Guidelines and Policies; more.
Print and Subscription Resources
(1996). Fair use or copyright infringement: Off-air video in the classroom. Chalk talk. Journal of Law and Education, 25(2), 345-361.
Alexander, A. W. (2001). Whither fair use? A library consortium viewpoint. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 1, 2. Retrieved June 7, 2004 from Project MUSE database.
Bruwelheide, J. H. (1997). Copyright: Opportunities and restrictions for the teleinstructor. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, (71), 95-102.
Butler , R. P. (2004). Web page construction and copyright law: How much do I need to know? Knowledge Quest 32(4), 41-42. Retrieved February 22, 2006, from Academic Search Premier database.
Chon, M. (2007). Intellectual property "from below": Copyright and capability for education. University of California Davis Law Review, 40, 803. Retrieved June 26, 2007 from Academic Universe/ Lexis-Nexis database.
Colbert, S. I., & Griffin, O. R. (1998). The impact of "fair use" in the higher education community: A necessary exception? Albany Law Review, 62, 437. Retrieved June 7, 2004 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Colyer, A. (1997). Copyright law, the Internet, and distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 11(3), 41-57.
Conclusion. (2004). Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Information Supply 14(3), 45-78. Retrieved February 22, 2006, from Academic Search Premier database.
Crews, K. D. (1993). Copyright, fair use, and the challenge for universities: Promoting the progress of higher education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Dames, K. M. (2005). Copyright clearances. Online, 29(6), 38-42. Retrieved February 22, 2006, from Academic Search Premier database.
Dames, K. M. (2005). ©opyright ©learances. Online, 29(5), 32-34. Retrieved February 22, 2006, from Academic Search Premier database.
Douvanis, G. (1997). Copyright law and distance learning technology: Fair use in far classrooms. International Journal of Instructional Media, 24(4), 299-304.
Foley, J. H. (2001). Enter the library: Creating a digital lending right. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 16(2), 369-400.
Gasaway, L. N. (2000). Values conflict in the digital environment: Librarians versus copyright holders. Columbia-VLA Journal of Law and the Arts, 24, 115.
Gasaway, L. N. (1997). Fair use for faculty-created multimedia. Information & Communications Technology Law, 6(2), 153. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from ABI/Inform database.
Imfeld, C. (2003). Playing fair with Fair Use? The Digital Millennium Copyright Act's impact on encryption researchers and academicians. Communication Law and Policy, 8, 111-. Retrieved February 26, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic/Law Reviews database.
Joseph, B. G., & Bain, S. E. (2000). DMCA safe harbor provisions. National Law Journal. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Mendelson, L. L. (2003). Privatizing knowledge: The demise of fair use and the public university. Albany Law Journal of Science & Technology, 13, 593-. Retrieved February 26, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic / Law Reviews database.
O’Reilly, S. (2007). Nominative Fair Use and Internet Aggregators: Copyright and Trademark Challenges Posed By Bots, Web Crawlers and Screen-Scrapping Technologies. Loyola Consumer Law Review, 19, 273. Retrieved June 26, 2007 from Academic Universe/ Lexis-Nexis database.
Ou, C. (2003). Technology and copyright issues in the academic library: First Sale, Fair Use, and the electronic document. portal: Libraries and the Academy 3(1), 89-98.
Parsons, P. (1996). Fair use or copyright infringement: Off-air video in the classroom. Journal of Law & Education, 25, 345-361.
Seaman, S. (1996). Copyright and fair use in an electronic reserves system. Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery, & Information Supply, 7(2), 19-28.
Sharp, J. (2002, Fall). Coming soon to Pay-Per-View: How the Digital Millennium Copyright Act enables digital content owners to circumvent educational fair use. American Business Law Journal, 40, 1-. Retrieved February 26, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic/Law Reviews database.
Silberberg, C. M. (2001). Preserving educational fair use in the twenty-first century. Southern California Law Review, 74, 617. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property of the Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives. (1996). Nonlegislative Report of the Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property Committee on the Judiciary. U.S. House of Representatives. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property of the Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives. One Hundred Fourth Congress, 2nd Sess. (1996). Fair use guidelines for educational multimedia. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Articles About Cases
Web Resources | Print and Subscription Resources
Web Resources
Beckles, T & Heins, M. (2005) Second preliminary report on fair use and “cease and desist” letters. Free Expression Policy Project. Retrieved February 16, 2006 from http://www.fepproject.org/commentaries/ceaseanddesist2.html
Blackowicz, J. U. (2001). Legal update: RIAA v. Napster: Defining copyright for the twenty-first century? Boston University Journal of Science and Technology Law, 7, 182. Retrieved June 7, 2004 from http://www.bu.edu/law/scitech/volume7/BlackowiczUpdate.pdf
Byrne, R. (2004, July 16). Silent Treatment: A copyright battle kills an anthology of essays about the composer Rebecca Clarke. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved February 6, 2007, from http://chronicle.com/free/v50/i45/45a01401.htm.
Rich, L. L. (1999). Parody: Fair Use or Copyright Infringement? Retrieved February 15, 2006 from http://library.findlaw.com/1999/Oct/1/130292.html
Stanford Copyright & Fair Use Center
Veravanich, P. (2000). Rio Grande: The MP3 showdown at high noon in cyberspace. Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal, 10, 433. Retrieved June 7, 2004 from http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/iclp/veravanich.htm
Print and Subscription Resources
Baird, S. (2005). Apple’s new content deal puts “fair use” into play. Billboard 117(51), 4. Retrieved February 22, 2006, from Academic Search Premier database.
Band, J. (2005). The Google print library project: Fair or foul use? Journal of Internet Law 9(4), 1-4. Retrieved February 22, 2006, from ABI/Inform database.
Burgunder, L. (2005). Some confusion remains after Supreme Court’s “fair use” decision. Journal of theAcademy of Marketing Science 33(3), 376-377.
Busby, G. (1998). Fair use and educational copying: A reexamination of Princeton University Press v. Michigan Document Services, Inc. (117 S. Ct. 1336 (1997)). Kentucky Law Journal, 86(3), 675-709. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Das, S. (2000). The availability of the fair use defense in music piracy and Internet technology. Federal Communications Law Journal, 52, 727. Retrieved January 31, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Frey, M. G. (1998). Unfairly applying the fair use doctrine: Princeton University Press v. Michigan Document Services (99 F.3d 1381 (6th Cir. 1996)). University of Cincinnati Law Review, 66(3), 959-1018. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Hartnick, A. J. (1998). The defense of "fair use": A primer. Touro Law Review, 15(1), 153-176.
Kudon, J. (2000). Form over function: Expanding the transformative use test for fair use. Boston University Law Review, 80, 579.
Landen, J. J. (2001). Beyond Napster: An enforcement crisis in copyright law? Northern Kentucky Law Review, 28(4), 713-720.
Lape, L. G. (1995). Transforming fair use: The productive use factor in fair use doctrine. Albany Law Review, 58, 677-724. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Livingston, J. L. (2003, Spring). Free speech and Fair Use: The DeCSS dilemma resolved? University of Cincinnati Law Review, 71, 1117. Retrieved February 26, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic/Law Reviews database.
McJohn, S. M. (2003, Fall). Eldred's aftermath: Tradition, the copyright clause, and the constitutionalization of fair use. Michigan Telecommunication and Technology Law Review, 10, 95. Retrieved February 26, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic/Law Reviews database.
Mihet, H. (2002, February). iBRIEF: Copyrights and trademarks: Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Corley: The constitutional underpinnings of Fair Use remain an open question. Duke Law & Technology Review, 3. Retrieved February 26, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic/Law Reviews database.
Patry, W.F.; Posner, R.A. (2004, Dec). Fair use and statutory reform in the wake of Eldred. California Law Review, 92, 6, 1639-1661. Retrieved July 13, 2006, from Academic Search Premier/EBSCOhost database.
Pasquale, F. (2005). Breaking the vicious circularity: Sony’s contribution to the fair use doctrine. Case Western Law Review 55(4), 777-813. Retrieved February 22, 2006, from Academic Search Premier database.
Petteys, D. A. (2001). The freedom to link?: The Digital Millennium Copyright Act implicates the First Amendment in Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Reimerdes (111 F. Supp. 2d 294 (S.D.N.Y. 2000)). Seattle University Law Review, 25(1), 287-340. Retrieved January 31, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Pike, G. H. (2005). Google print and the fair use doctrine. Information Today 22(10), 17-19. Retrieved February 18, 2006, from ABI/Inform database.
Pilch, Janice T. (2004, Nov). Fair use and beyond: The status of copyright limitations and exceptions in the commonwealth of independent states. College & Research Libraries, 65, 6, 468-504. Retrieved July 13, 2006, from Academic Search Premier/EBSCOhost database.
Spoo, R. (1998). Fair use of unpublished works: Scholarly research and copyright case law since 1992. Tulsa Law Journal, 34(1), 183-200. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Veravanich, P. (2000). Rio Grande: The MP3 showdown at high noon in cyberspace. Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal, 10, 433. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Wattles, J. S. (2004). Modernizing Sony-Betamax for the digital age: The ninth circuit enables P2P. Southwestern University Law Review 34(2), 233-245. Retrieved February 26, 2006, from LexisNexis Academic database.
Williams, J. A. (1996). Can reverse engineering of software ever be fair use? Application of Campbell's (Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 114 S. Ct. 1164 (1994)) "transformative use" concept. Washington Law Review, 71, 255. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Young, E. W. (2001). Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Reimerdes (111 F. Supp. 2d 294 (S.D.N.Y. 2000)): Promoting the progress of science and the useful arts by demoting the progress of science and the useful arts? Northern Kentucky Law Review, 28(4), 847-876.
Commentary and Analysis: Is Fair Use Shrinking?
Web Resources | Print and Subscription Resources
Web Resources
Crews, K. D. (1996). Copyright law and graduate research: New media, new rights, and your new dissertation. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms, Inc. 29 pp. Retrieved June 7, 2004 from http://www.umi.com/hp/Support/DExplorer/copyrght/
Heins, M. & Beckles, T. (2005). Will fair use survive? Free expression in the age of copyright control. Brennen Center for Justice. Retrieved February 16, 2006 from http://www.fepproject.org/policyreports/WillFairUseSurvive.pdf.
Heins, M. (2003). “The Progress of science and useful arts”: Why copyright today threatens intellectual freedom. Free Expression Policy Project. Retrieved February 16, 2006 from http://www.fepproject.org/policyreports/copyright2d.pdf
Loren, L. P. (1997). Redefining the market failure approach to fair use in an era of copyright permission systems. Journal of Intellectual Property Law, 5(1). Retrieved June 7, 2004 from http://www.lclark.edu/~loren/articles/fairuse.htm
Nimmer, D. (2003, Winter/Spring). "Fairest of them all" and other fairy tales of fair use. Law and Contemporary Problems, 66, 263-287. Retrieved June 7, 2004 from http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?66+Law+&+Contemp.+Probs.+263+(WinterSpring+ 2003))
Petersen, R. J. (2000). Licensing digital information: Policy debates hit the states. Educause Quarterly, 23(2): 17-18. Retrieved June 7, 2004 from http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eq/a002/eqm002b.pdf
Testimony before the Copyright Office Regarding Section 1201(a)(1) of the Copyright Act.
Print and Subscription Resources
(1999). The criminalization of copyright infringement in the digital era. Harvard Law Review, 112(7), 1705-1722. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Bagley, A. W. (2007). Fair use rights in a world of the broadcast flag and digital rights management: Do consumers have a chance? University of Florida Journal of Law and Public Policy, 18, 115. Retrieved June 26, 2007 from Academic Universe/ Lexis-Nexis database.
Band, J. (2001). The copyright paradox: Fighting content piracy in the digital era. Brookings Review, 19(1), 32-34.
Bell, T. W. (1998). Fair use vs. fared use: The impact of automated rights management on copyright's fair use doctrine. North Carolina Law Review, 76, 557-619. Retrieved January 31, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis database.
Burke, M.; Heron, S.J. (2004). Copyright issues and "for profit" libraries: Problems and solutions. Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Information Supply, 14, 4, 5-21. Retrieved July 13, 2006, from Academic Search Premier/EBSCOhost database.
Constant, B. A. (2000). The fair use doctrine: Just what is fair? Journal of Law & Education, 29, 385. Retrieved January 29, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Dames, K. M. (2005). Copyright Clearances: Fair use action and apathy. Online 29(5), 32-34. Retrieved February 18, 2006, from ABI/Inform database.
de Zwart, M. (2007). An historical analysis of the birth of fair dealing and fair use: Lessons for the digital age. Intellectual Property Quarterly, 60(1). Retrieved June 26, 2007, from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Diotalevi, R. N. (1998). Copyrighting cyberspace: Unweaving a tangled Web. Computer Law Review & Technology Journal, 1998, 103. Retrieved January 29, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Dowell, J. (1998). Bytes and pieces: Fragmented copies, licensing, and fair use in a digital world. California Law Review, 88(4), 843-877. Retrieved January 31, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Fonstad, J. A. (2007). Protecting fair use with Fogerty: Toward a new dual standard. University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 40, 623. Retrieved June 26, 2007 from Academic Universe/ Lexis-Nexis database.
Ginsburg, J. C. (1999). Essay: Copyright and intermediate users' rights. Columbia-VLA Journal of Law & the Arts, 23(1), 67-73. Retrieved January 31, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Ginsburg, J. C. (1997). Authors and users in copyright. Journal of the Copyright Society of the U.S.A, 45, 1-20.
Goldberg, D., & Bernstein, R. J. (1998). Balancing the public interest. New York Law Journal, September 18, 3. Retrieved January 31, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Gordon, W. J. (2005). Keynote: Fair use: Threat or threatened? Case Western Reserve Law Review 55(4), 903-915. Retrieved February 22, 2006, from Academic Search Premier database.
Hamelman, S. (2005, Dec). It's a legal matter, baby: Fair use law and the rock ‘n’ roll scholar. Popular Music & Society, 28, 5, p577-594. Retrieved July 13, 2006, from Academic Search Premier/EBSCOhost database.
Hardy, I. T. (1999). The Internet and the law: Copyright and "new-use" technologies. Nova Law Review, 23, 657. Retrieved January 31, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Horowitz, S. J. (2005). Rethinking Lockean copyright and fair use. Deakin Law Review, 10(1), 209-232. Retrieved February 23, 2006, from Index to Legal Periodicals & Books database.
Hughes, J. (2003, February). Fair use across time. UCLA Law Review, 50, 775. Retrieved February 26, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic / Law Reviews database.
Ku, R.S.R. (2003, Spring). The law and technology of digital rights management: Consumers and creative destruction: Fair use beyond market failure. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 18, 2, 539. Retrieved February 26, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic/Law Reviews database.
Leaffer, M. (2001). The uncertain future of fair use in a global information marketplace. Ohio State Law Journal, 62(2), 849-67. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Lipinski, T. A. (2000). The developing legal infrastructure and the globalization of information: Constructing a framework for critical choices in the new millennium Internet: Character, content and confusion. Richmond Journal of Law & Technology, 6, 19. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Madison, M.J. (2004, Mar). A pattern-oriented approach to fair use. William & Mary Law Review, 45, 4, 1525-1690. Retrieved July 13, 2006, from Academic Search Premier/EBSCOhost database.
McJohn, S. M. (1998). Fair use and privatization in copyright. San Diego Law Review, 35(1), 61-109. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Morris, E. M. N. (2007). Will shrinkwrap suffocate fair use? Santa Clara Computer and High Tech Law Journal, 23, 237. Retrieved June 26, 2007 from Academic Universe/ Lexis-Nexis database.
News Fronts. (2006). American Libraries 37(2), 13-19. Retrieved February 22, 2006, from Academic Search Premier database.Nimmer, D. (2000). A riff on fair use in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 148, 673. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Okediji, R. (2001). Givers, takers, and other kinds of users: A fair use doctrine for cyberspace. Florida Law Review, 53, 107. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Okediji, R. (2000). Toward an international fair use doctrine. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 39, 75. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Olson, K. K. (2000). Farewell to fair use? Contracts, copyright, and First Amendment values online [Dissertation], University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 229 p.
Olson, K. K. (2004). First amendment values in fair use analysis. Journalism & Communication Monographs, 5(4), 159-202. Retrieved February 22, 2006, from Academic Search Premier database.
O’Reilly, S. (2007). Nominative Fair Use and Internet Aggregators: Copyright and Trademark Challenges Posed By Bots, Web Crawlers and Screen-Scrapping Technologies. Loyola Consumer Law Review, 19, 273. Retrieved June 26, 2007 from Academic Universe/ Lexis-Nexis database.
Patry, W. (1985). The Fair Use privilege in copyright law. Washington, DC: Bureau of National Affairs.
Patry, W.F.; Posner, R.A. (2004, Dec). Fair use and statutory reform in the wake of Eldred. California Law Review, 92, 6, 1639-1661. Retrieved July 13, 2006, from Academic Search Premier/EBSCOhost database.
Phan, D. T. (1998). Will fair use function on the Internet? Columbia Law Review, 98(1), 169-216. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Pilch, Janice T. (2004, Nov). Fair use and beyond: The status of copyright limitations and exceptions in the commonwealth of independent states. College & Research Libraries, 65, 6, 468-504. Retrieved July 13, 2006, from Academic Search Premier/EBSCOhost database.
Ryan, M. (2000). Cyberspace as public space: A public trust paradigm for copyright in a digital world. Oregon Law Review, 79, 647. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Samuelson, P. (1999). Does information really have to be licensed? Communications of the ACM, 41(9), 15-20. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from ACM Digital Library database.
Schack, H. (2002, Fall). Panel I: Anti-circumvention measures, license restrictions, and the scope of IP protection: Protection from copying or protection from competition?: Anti-circumvention measures and restrictions in licensing contracts as instruments for preventing competition and fair use. University of Illinois Journal of Law, Technology & Policy, 321. Retrieved February 26, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic/Law Reviews database.
Timkovich, E. T. (2003, Spring). The new significance of the four fair use factors as applied to parody: Interpreting the court's analysis in Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc. Tulane Journal of Technology & Intellectual Property, 5, 61. Retrieved February 26, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic/Law Reviews database.
Travis, H. (2000). Pirates of the information infrastructure: Blackstonian copyright and the First Amendment. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 15, 777. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Weinreb, L. L. (1999). The 1998 Donald C. Brace Memorial Lecture: Fair use. Fordham Law Review, 4, 1291.
Conference on Fair Use (CONFU) Guidelines
Web Resources | Print and Subscription Resources
Web Resources
Final Report to the Commissioner on the Conclusion of the Conference on Fair Use
Fair Use Guidelines For Educational Multimedia (Harper)
Guidelines for Educational Uses of Music, April 1976.
Guidelines for Off-Air Recording of Broadcast Programming for Educational Purposes, October 1981. See instead: U.S. Copyright Office Circular 21: Reproduction of Copyrighted works by Educators and Librarians
Model Policy Concerning College and University Photocopying for Classroom, Research and Library Reserve Use, March 1982.
Library and Classroom Use of Copyrighted Videotapes and Computer Software, February 1986.
Using Software: A Guide to the Ethical and Legal Use of Software for Members of the Academic Community, January 1992.
Guidelines for the creation of Multimedia Projects, Distance Learning, and the use of Digital Images were offered in the CONFU report: Final Report to the Commissioner on the Conclusion of the Conference on Fair Use, November 1998.
Print and Subscription Resources
Crews, K. D. (2001). The law of fair use and the illusion of fair-use guidelines. Ohio State Law Journal, 62, 599. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Crews, K. D. (1999). Electronic reserves and fair use: The outer limits of CONFU. Journal the American Society for Information Science and Technology 50, 1343.
Crews, K. D. (1997). Fair use and higher education: Are guidelines the answer? Academe, 83(6), 38-40.
Klingsporn, G. K. (1999). The Conference on Fair Use (CONFU) and the future of fair use guidelines. Columbia-VLA Journal of Law & the Arts, 23(1), 101-26. Retrieved January 28, 2002 from Academic Universe/Lexis-Nexis database.
Thornburg, R. (2003). The impact of copyright law on distance education programs: How fair use and the CONFU guidelines may shape the future of academia. Southern Illinois University Law Journal, 27, 321. Retrieved February 26, 2004, from LexisNexis Academic/Law Reviews database.
