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Chicago Citation Examples
(Documentary-Note Style)
Some General Rules
DOCUMENTARY-NOTE EXAMPLES
- Articles
- Books
- E-Books
- Web Sites
- WebTycho Classroom Materials
- Dissertations and Theses
- Images
Note:- The information presented in this guide is based on:
The University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style,15th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.
- Copies of this manual can be found in most academic libraries and are available for sale at university bookstores.
- Please refer to the manual or the Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide for many additional examples of citing different types of materials.
- The information presented in this guide is based on:
Please contact the library if you have any citation-related questions.
Some General Rules
APA, MLA and Chicago
There are three major styles used when citing works—American Psychological Association (APA) style, Modern Language Association (MLA) style and the style taken from the Chicago Manual of Style (for the purpose of this guide will be referred to as Chicago). APA is the preferred style for social sciences such as business, psychology, and sociology. MLA is the preferred style for humanities-related areas such as literature. Chicago is the preferred style for history and the publishing industry.
Be aware that all students in UMUC's Graduate School of Management & Technology must use the APA style of citation.
Chicago Style
The Chicago style allows for two different types of reference styles: the Author-Date System and the Documentary-Note (or Humanities) Style. Traditionally, those in the humanities and social sciences (including history) use the Documentary-Note Style, and those in the sciences use the Author-Date System. Below are guidelines for citing Web-based resources as notes in the Documentary-Note Style.
Turabian Style
Turabian style is often mentioned in conjunction with the Chicago style. Turabian is a simplified version of the Chicago style and was developed specifically for students who are writing papers, unlike Chicago, which was originally developed for publishers. Turabian is the popular name of the writing style (The full title of the handbook is A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, but it is usually referred to by the last name of its author, Kate L. Turabian, who developed it for the University of Chicago).
Bibliography and Reference Lists
AuthorsIf a bibliography or reference list is required, the format for the bibliography or reference list differs from notes in the following ways: authors' names are inverted, the citations are listed alphabetically by author's last name (by title if no author), elements of entries are separated by periods not commas, the first line of each entry is flush with the left margin, and subsequent lines are indented three or four spaces.
8. John Maynard Smith, "The Origin of Altruism," Nature 393 (1998): 639-40.
Smith, John Maynard. "The Origin of Altruism." Nature 393 (1998): 639–40.
Wendy Doniger
(list each name)Two authors:
Guy Cowlishaw and Robin DunbarThree authors:
Graeme K. Deans, Fritz Kroeger and Stefan ZeiselEdward O. Laumann and others
Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees
Begin with the title.
n.d.
The number of the citation. In Chicago Documentary-Note style, citation notes are numbered numerically.
The first time a source is cited, give the complete information as in the above example. However, for the second and next consecutive reference to the same source (with the same page number) use Ibid. If the reference is the same, but the page is not, add the page number, like this: Ibid., 44.
For subsequent reference to the same source, but later in the paper, use an abbreviated version of the reference, using the author's last name, a shortened version of the title, and the page number. For example: Deans, Kroeger, and Zeisel, HBR, 21.
Citing a Source within a Source
You read a book by Costello that cites an earlier article by Zukofsky. You want to cite Zukofsky's article, but have not read Zukofsky's article itself.
7. Louis Zukofsky, "Sincerity and Objectification," Poetry 37 (February 1931):269, quoted in Bonnie Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981), 78.
Articles
2. Graeme K. Deans, Fritz Kroeger and Stefan Zeisel, "The Consolidation Curve," Harvard Business Review 80, no. 12 (2002): 20-21, http://web.ebscohost.com/ (accessed November 15, 2006).
33. Mark A. Hlatky and others, "Quality-of-Life and Depressive Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women after Receiving Hormone Therapy: Results from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Trial," Journal of the American Medical Association 287, no. 5 (2002), http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/joc10108.html#aainfo (accessed November 15, 2006).
8. John Maynard Smith, "The Origin of Altruism," Nature 393 (1998): 639.
General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tips:
- Author—The author(s) of the article. Authors' names are given as they are found in articles. If no author is given, then the article title should be listed first, followed by the date.
- Article title—The title of the article. In notes they are usually capitalized headline style and put in quotation marks; in reference lists they are usually capitalized sentence style, without quotation marks.
- Journal/magazine title—The title of the journal or magazine in which the article was published. The journal title should be italicized and capitalized headline style in notes and reference lists.
- Volume and issue—Include this information if it is provided for journals.
- Date—Provide the year the work was published. Weekly or monthly magazines (as opposed to journals) even if numbered by volume and issue are cited by date only (including the day if a weekly magazine) following the title of the magazine. In that case, cite a specific page number and separate by a comma, not a colon.
- Pagination—In notes, only specific pages need be cited (Unless the article as a whole is referred to). Use start and end pages, if provided (e.g. 60–79)in reference lists.
- Database or Web journal URL—The URL of the main entrance of the service if the article is from a UMUC library database or the URL of the public access Web journal.
- Date of access—In parentheses.
5. Stephen Lacey, "The New German Style," Horticulture, March 2000, 44-50, http://web.ebscohost.com/ (accessed November 17, 2006).
5. Stephen Lacey, "The New German Style," Horticulture, March 2000, 44-50, http://www.hortmag.com/ (accessed November 17, 2006).
29. Steve Martin, "Sports-Interview Shocker," New Yorker, May 6, 2002, 84.
General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tip:
- Date—Magazines citations differ from academic journal citations in that they are cited by date only. Volume and issue numbers are not included.
2. Beth Daley, "A Tale of a Whale: Scientists, Museum Are Eager to Study, Display Rare Creature," Boston Globe, June 11, 2002, third edition, http://www.lexis-nexis.com/ (accessed November 17, 2006).
2. Mike Royko, "Next Time, Dan, Take Aim at Arnold," Chicago Tribune, September 23, 1982, national edition, http://www.chicagotribune.com/ (accessed November 16, 2006).
10. William S. Niederkorn, "A Scholar Recants on His 'Shakespeare' Discovery," New York Times, June 20, 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition.
General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tips:
- Author—The author(s) of the article. If no author is given, then the article title should be listed first.
- Newspaper title—The title of the newspaper in which the article was published. The newspaper title should be italicized.
- Month, day, year—The date the article was published.
- Edition—If given.
- Database URL or newspaper URL—The URL of the main entrance of the database service or newspaper URL.
Articles Freely Available on the Web
(with author)4. Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees, "Evanston Public Library Strategic Plan, 2000-2010: A Decade of Outreach," Evanston Public Library, http://www.epl.org/library/strategic-plan-00.html (accessed July 18, 2002).
15. Federation of American Scientists, "Resolution Comparison: Reading License Plates and Headlines," http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/resolves5.htm (accessed November 17, 2006).
General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tips:
- Author—The author(s) of the article. If no author is given, then the organization sponsoring the Web site or the Web site name should be listed first, followed by the document title.
- Web document title—The name of the document cited from the Web site.
- Web site name— The name of the Web site or organization sponsoring the Web site if there is no specific name to the Web site.
- URL—The address of the Web site.
- Date of access—In parentheses.
Book, Film, and Product Reviews
1. James Gorman, "Endangered Species," review of The Last American Man, by Elizabeth Gilbert, New York Times Book Review, June 2, 2002, 16, http://proquest.umi.com/ (accessed November 17, 2006).
1. James Gorman, "Endangered Species," review of The Last American Man, by Elizabeth Gilbert, New York Times Book Review, June 2, 2002, 16.
General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tip:
- Review name—The title of the review (if given) follows the author's name. The name of the work reviewed and the author of the work then follow.
Books
1. Wendy Doniger, Splitting the Difference (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 65.
4. Richmond Lattimore, trans., The Iliad of Homer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 91–92.
22. Ernest Gowers, The Complete Plain Words, 3rd ed. (London: H. M. Stationary Office, 1986; Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1987), 26. Citations are to the Penguin edition.
23. Jacques Barzun, Simple and Direct: A Rhetoric for Writers, rev. ed. (1985; repr., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 152-53.
37. Sewell Wright, Evolution and the Genetics of Populations, vol. 2, Theory of Gene Frequencies (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969), 129.
5. Andrew Wiese, "'The House I Live In': Race, Class, and African American Suburban Dreams in the Postwar United States," in The New Suburban History, ed. Kevin M. Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), 101–2.
General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tips:
- Author—The author(s) of the book. If no author is given, then begin with the book title.
- Book title—The title of the book.
- Publisher, year— The name of the publisher followed by the year the book was published.
E-Books
6. Thomas H. Davenport and John C. Beck, The Attention Economy: Understanding the New Currency of Business (Harvard Business School Press, 2001), NetLibrary e-book.
2. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders' Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/ (accessed June 27, 2006).
5. Peter Barker, "Scientists of the Past" in World Almanac and Book of Facts (New York: World Almanac Education Group, 2006), 229-31, http://web.ebscohost.com/ (accessed November 17, 2006).
General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tips:
- Author—The author(s) of the book. If no author is given, then begin with the book title.
- Book title—The title of the book.
- Publisher, year— The name of the publisher followed by the year the book was published.
- Format—The name of the e-book collection followed by the word e-book.
Web Sites
14. Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees, "Evanston Public Library Strategic Plan, 2000-2010: A Decade of Outreach," Evanston Public Library, http://www.epl.org/library/strategic-plan-00.html (accessed July 18, 2002).
15. Federation of American Scientists, "Resolution Comparison: Reading License Plates and Headlines," http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/resolves5.htm (accessed November 17, 2006).
General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.
WebTycho Classroom Materials (Suggested Format)
3. Denny Whitford, "Cross-curricular Initiatives in NCSI 170" in University of Maryland University College Online Classroom, http://tychousa.umuc.edu/ (accessed November 17, 2006).
General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tip:
- This is a suggested format. Chicago does not directly address online classroom materials.
Dissertations and Theses
25. Justin Smith, "Discrete Groups from a Course Perspective" (PhD diss., University of Florida, 2007), http://proquest.umi.com/ (accessed November 6, 2007).
22. M. Amundin, "Click Repetition Rate Patterns in Communicative Sounds from the Harbour Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena" (PhD diss., Stockholm University, 1991), 22–29.
General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc. Tip:
- The type (master's thesis or PhD diss., for example), school, and date published follow the title.
Images
A brief statement of the source of an illustration, known as a credit line, is usually appropriate and sometimes mandatory.
(Cartoon by John Leech. "Punch's Almanac for 1855," Punch 28 [1855]: 8.)
General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.